Hand Gesture Based Surveillance Robot

In this work, a hardware and software based integrated system is developed for hand gesture based surveillance robot. The proposed system is a non-invasive technique and software part of the system uses gesture based image processing technique. The hardware part is developed based on AVR microcontroller platform. The captured image of hand is segmented and its contour is determined. The convexity defects are computed to detect the number of fingers used by the subject. The number of fingers directs the path to robot that is to be followed. The camera placed on the robot capture the images of its surrounding, wherever it travels and send it back to the PC for monitoring. In this way, it can be used as a surveillance system. Experimental results show that the overall accuracy obtained above 90% for gesture recognition by which robot will be directed to follow the path. The system can be directly applied to defence grounds for detection of enemy, for spying purpose where the human reach is avoided or not recommended. This unit can be used for overcoming physical handicaps by helping in development of gesture-based wheel chairs, for control of home devices and appliances for persons with physical handicaps and/or elderly users with impaired mobility

Proizvodne varijable koje utječu na svojstva peleta u peletiranju taljenjem sa smjesom voskova u sferonizatoru za laboratorijsku proizvodnju

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the suitability of laboratory scale spheronizer for the production of spherical pellets loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride by wax combination. The 1:1 combination of cetyl alcohol and hydrogenated castor oil, as low and high melting point waxes, were used. The various production variables affecting the different characteristics of pellets and the process efficiency were evaluated. Drug loaded pellets were evaluated for drug release in distilled water. Bowl temperature primarily affects the sphericity and adhesion of pellets to the bowl. Mass temperature has a pronounced effect on size, size distribution and sphericity of pellets. Wax concentration affects all characteristics of pellets but adhesion was least affected. The effect of these three variables can be compensated by optimizing the friction plate speed. It has been found that the highest yield of pellets (8501400 m) with maximum sphericity can be produced by using 45 C bowl temperature, 52 C mass temperature and 1400 rpm friction plate speed.Cilj rada bio je pripraviti sferične pelete u laboratorijskom sferonizatoru koristeći smjesu voskova. Cetilni alkohol kao vosak niskog tališta i hidrogenirano ricinusovo ulje kao vosak visokog tališta, upotrebljeni su u omjeru 1:1. Proučavan je utjecaj proizvodnih varijabli na svojstva peleta i efikasnost proizvodnje te brzinu oslobađanja ljekovite tvari iz peleta u destiliranoj vodi. Na sferičnost i adhezivnost peleta najviše utječe temperatura peletiranja. Temperatura mase ima i značajan utjecaj na veličinu, raspodjelu veličine peleta i sferičnost. Koncentracija voska utječe na sva svojstva peleta, ali najmanje na adhezivnost. Učinak tih triju varijabli može se kompenzirati optimiziranjem brzine ploče za trenje. Pronađeno je da najveće iskorištenje peleta (8501400 microm) s najboljom sferičnošću ako je temperatura peletiranja 45 oC, temperatura mase 52 oC, a brzina ploče za trenje 1400 rpm

Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation: Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation